Existence of God Debate Philosophy

Presence of God Debate Philosophy The contention on whether God is existent or non-existent is one that has gone on for quite a long time. A few thinkers and scholars have contended on the two sides however a strong proof possibly in support of the presence of God have not been given. Be that as it may, a few verifications possibly in support of Gods presence have been given. The paper contends based on the non-presence of God from a philosophical perspective. Speculations, for example, the issue of malice, standard of nature, and the miserliness contentions show that God doesn't exist and religion is an only a simple conviction made in human personalities. Evidently, God isn't ubiquitous, omnibenevolent, omniscience, or all-powerful. Presentation The possibility of God is practically worldwide among social orders of mankind, in spite of the fact that it has diverse social definitions. The contentions on the side of and those against Gods presence have been proposed by a few researchers, logicians, and scholars. As per Murray and Rea (2008) insightfully, the contentions for and against Gods presence include mostly the metaphysics (nature of being) and epistemological (hypothesis of information) sub-teaches just as the hypothesis of significant worth since flawlessness ideas are regularly associated with thoughts of God (157). In any case, the discussion on Gods presence has raised a lot of philosophical issues. The principle hazardous issue is the presence of both polytheistic and monotheistic observations. A few meanings of the presence of God are so vague while others are self-opposing. It is conceivable to reach the inference that all definitions given on God by people are presumably bogus portrayals of what God represents the being of people on earth and the universe (Everitt 159). In addition, one can likewise infer that the entire thought of any God has no premise since it isn't supported by any proof. Thirdly, it might be proposed that the astuteness of people is most likely not adequate to investigate ideas that are totally founded on human comprehension and convictions, for example, Gods presence as a maker. The key issue here isn't whether God exists or not, however whether there is adequate proof to help his reality or non-presence (Murray and Rea 157). The strict convictions of Gods presence are most likely out of human enthusiastic requirement for insurance and having a place since there is no solid proof to help these contentions. God doesn't exist. Procedure Books by popular logicians who have composed on the non-presence of God will be utilized to assemble adequate data on the subject. The Bible will likewise be utilized to exhibit the opposing idea of God. Conversation As indicated by Oppy and Scott (2010), God is boundless goodness and in this manner in the event that God really exists, at that point there is no abhorrent (82). Notwithstanding, taking into account that there is malevolent on the planet, God doesnt exist. This thinking bodes well since how might it be conceivable that God, an endless goodness be made and as such secures a world brimming with defilement and blemishes. On the off chance that God truly existed, at that point horrendous and awful things wouldnt happen on the planet as they do today. For example, there would be no starvation like there is in underdeveloped nations where a great many adults and guiltless kids pass on of yearning each year. What's more, things like ruinous wars which result to a great deal of human anguish and enduring would not exist. In this specific circumstance, the Holy Bible which is accepted to be Gods total word denounces robbery, murder, and infidelity. In accordance with Khashaba (2006, it is very hard to accept that an all powerful and incredible being that is interminably acceptable made the whole world however isn't equipped for controlling the things that occur in it. Rather than simply censuring them in an old book he could most likely have nullified all types of shrewdness (119). In addition, a similar Bible says that God is a glorious dad. On the off chance that that was the situation, at that point he would have let his kids to be acceptable and liberated from like him subsequently clearing out all malevolence from the substance of the earth. As per Murray and Rea (2008), the non-presence of God might be demonstrated by the guideline of nature which is quantifiable, basic, and obvious as opposed to putting stock in a complex being that can not be estimated, seen or imagined. In actuality, logical speculations have given clarifications to natures presence and thus nature could be utilized to represent mankinds steady turn of events. This improvement has been clarified by advancement of a creature that is single cell to one that is multi-cell. Then again, development has clarified the knowledge of the present man while The Big Bang hypothesis has clarified the formation of planet earth (Murray and Rea 158). Interestingly, those on the side of the presence of God contend based on the causation hypothesis. The contention expresses that one thing causes another and subsequently there will be no impact if the primary reason didn't exist. Notwithstanding, the presence of this first reason can not be demonstrated or even decided under any conditions. For example, The Big Bang hypothesis existed and that is the reason it is conceivable to put together earths creation with respect to it. By and by, something different that caused the presence of this hypothesis probably existed at first. In accordance with Johnson (2006), Philosophical religious philosophy essayists, for example, St. Anselm contend that if an individual comprehends that a more prominent being exists however not ready to clarify its reality, at that point it exists truly (50). In this manner, on the off chance that somebody comprehends that God exists, at that point he should exist actually. This contention is completely pointless if there is no adequate proof to help it. The way that somebody comprehends the presence of God and completely comprehends God doesn't infer that God really exists. For example, on the off chance that one comprehends in their brains and completely that phantoms exist, anyway this isn't an assurance that surely apparitions exist. Its simply like in motion pictures where individuals altogether comprehend a character that they should speak to and even for all intents and purposes depict that character. Unquestionably this doesn't make the film character a reality (Oppy and Scot t 102). Its frequently asserted that the scriptural God is ubiquitous (wherever consistently, transcendent (all-incredible), omnibenevolent (boundlessly great), and omniscient (acquainted with all the fixings). From a coherent perspective, these ideas are completely unimaginable suggesting that God doesnt exist. The Bible says that nothing is incomprehensible with God yet there are a few occurrences in a similar Bible where he couldn't accomplish something. According to Murray and Rea (2008) The book of Judges 1:19ã‚â says that God was with Judah; he drove out the mountain occupants; yet couldn't send away the valley occupants, since they had iron chariots (158). If God was so humane then he would discharge individuals from the servitudes of wrongdoing and pulverize the demon who drives his kin adrift. Simultaneously, God would assuage mankind of the first sin punishment in the event that he was supreme. Fundamentally, if God was incredible and capable yet he decides to let individual experience the ill effects of wrongdoing, at that point its not legitimate to contend that he is omnibenevolent. In accordance with Everitt (2004), God ought to have eradicated the first sin and permitted men to be made a decision about dependent on their own activities as opposed to paying for different people groups sins (154). On a similar note, Christians state that God is inescapable implying that he is wherever simultaneously. In the event that God was ubiquitous, at that point he would not need to walk like he says in the Bible that he will stroll with his kin. There would be no requirement for him to migrate starting with one spot then onto the next so as to be with one of his since he as of now exist there. Thus, God ought to never adjust his perspective if he is omniscience on the grounds that an adjustment as a primary concern exhibits vulnerability. Corresponding to Oppy and Scott (2010) there are such huge numbers of occurrences in the Bible where God altered his perspective. For instance, in the Exodus story where the offspring of Israel venerated symbols and God chose devastating them, he later excused them after Moses argued for absolution. This idea welcomes a great deal of uncertainty on whether God truly planned on annihilating the Israelites or he couldn't do as such yet he realized this would become (110). On the off chance that God was in deed ubiquitous and onmibenevolent he would forestal l the event of wrongdoing and ruinous occasions. End/Recommendations There has been a huge assault on the origination of God as religion goes under a progressively extreme investigation. A few speculations and ideas have indicated that God in fact doesnt exist. From a target view of the Bible, it is anything but difficult to see that God isn't inescapable, omniscience, omni altruistic, or all-powerful as guaranteed by the Bible. It is apparent that the scriptural God is opposing and it is preposterous that he exists. In addition, there is no satisfactory proof that the holy book isn't only a customary book. Standards, for example, The Big Bang can be utilized to clarify the presence of nature subsequently can supplant the conviction that God exists. Speculations of nature adequately clarify the human convictions in God and the advancement of religion. The issue of the presence of transgression enormously challenges the presence of a God who is omnibenevolent and all-powerful. It is either that God exists and sin doesnt, or God doesnt exist however sin does. The presence of both is conflicting and it is unimaginable. Further research and study might be essential in understanding the presence or non-presence of God. Essentially, there exists sufficient proof that there is no God however a solid demonstrate has not been found at this point.

Conference on Educational Media and Technology †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Examine about the Conference on Educational Media and Technology. Answer: Presentation: I am an all adjusted and adaptable person who is self-guided. I have the main impetus to convey the most extreme creation from my exertion. I have at last increased all the experience required for deals and advertising. I have confidence in group achievement. In a circumstance where shots are united then extraordinary achievement is in pausing. Working brilliant is my main strategy as I apply hard working attitudes and codes for whatever situation I face in the field. The equipping power towards my fast achievement in my everyday exercises is ascribed to the inspirational demeanor that I have towards any errand allocated paying little heed to the force. Hence clear in my prosperity both in the workplace and outside the workplace. I went to Shiners College and contemplated business the board work in deals and showcasing. My difficult work and assurance bore me brightness as I went without a hitch achieving 3.7/4.0 in my last G.P.A. This is the place my interchanges aptitudes were sustained. Here I outfitted myself with PC aptitudes for the most part word and exceed expectations. This was one of the basic impacts of my inclination for consumer loyalty as I convince customers with my capacities to be happy with my administrations. I effectively occupied with discusses. My exceptional relational abilities made me arrive at the nationals during the discussion understudy of the year rivalries. The point of reference in school has caused me to prevail in my undertakings. Self-assessment and assurance have been my enduring instrument in progress. Subsequently the degree of my relational abilities had nobody to contend me, because of regular practices and inquiring about broadly on the utilization of sentence structur e in a sorted out way. This was credited to my capability and the consistent progression of phonetics quo. The energy for phonetics stood out for me into seeking after low maintenance addresses in news coverage. Dynamic changes happen quickly in deals and showcasing. I have express information on the progressions that happen and how into creating more grounded relational connections to cultivate a more grounded condition for working. My pride will be to upgrade characters who are sharp in a group playing for most extreme creation so they will affect deals and advertising. My expert objectives and accomplishments are to enable the business network. I am anticipating making a comprehensive domain that will be helpful for all cooperative individuals Sales reps think that its extremely hard to adapt up to the overarching conditions in the activity condition. Deals and promoting include numerous performs multiple tasks which the salesman needs to make a parity for most extreme advancement. Extending from getting shutting calls, business calls and even calls to tell them of their capabilities. There are numerous possibilities in deals which need to address with most extreme polished methodology and earnestness. Reacting to the conceivable outcomes loses the possibilities base. In spite of all the numerous assignments to do, the salesmen need to send every one of them at the same time. This might be disadvantageous in light of the fact that a misfortune in the client base may happen because of absence of the necessary consideration. It's a demonstrated tough assignment for salespersons to productively adjust this. In this way bringing about numerous salespersons to hang boots due to performing various tasks in the field as is appear s to be tedious. Salesforce connects with a showcasing robotization device that effectively settle the trouble. Numerous errands would now be able to be overseen effectively with less endeavors in prospecting exercises. Salesforce utilizes the variable labels which empower the sending of a few messages one after another. This customizes the information sent along these lines improving the performing multiple tasks of activities. Salespersons when utilizing the business connect with would now be able to address more than one open door subsequently unmistakably giving reality for viable administration of the team. The computerization devices will, in this way, improve the activities in the field. Anyway much troublesome it is to address all possibilities one after another, deals connect quickly empowers the correspondence to numerous open doors one after another. The business people can likewise present the endorsed showcase information which is spread rapidly. The outcome will be higher deals as the d eals would have been adjusted together to the promoting gathering. This is ascribed to the structure determination of deals draw in the instrument. For handy use of salesforce draw in computerization, the exact arrangement must be turned out. Beta models must be made to better the robotization device. This is typically done by a designer. In any case, a couple of individuals must be utilized with the goal that the assignment of becoming the application is fruitful. From the application, customized substance can be sent to connect a few possibilities in the market field. A few tests should be embraced by the IT masters to guarantee the application effectively bolsters the business computerization instrument so advertising data can be shared effectively with the business group. Reference index White, S., 2017. Compose a LinkedIn profile that attracts selection representatives. Diary of Accountancy, 223(2), p.20. Gera, R., Libertini, J.M., Roginski, J.W., and Zupancic, A., 2017. The Network Profile Summary: investigating system science through the perspective of understudy inspiration. Diary of Complex Networks. Miall, A.D., 1977. Lithofacies types and vertical profile models in interlaced waterway stores: a rundown. Hersey, P., Blanchard, K.H. furthermore, Johnson, D.E., 2007. The executives of hierarchical conduct (Vol. 9). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Hafner, A., 1990. A Profile of the American Eighth Grader: NELS: 88 Student Descriptive Summary. National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988. Ibrahim, R.A., Berman, D.M., DePril, V., Humphrey, R.W., Chen, T., Messina, M., Chin, K.M., Liu, H.Y., Bielefield, M. furthermore, Hoos, A., 2011. Ipilimumab security profile: Summary of discoveries from finished preliminaries in cutting edge melanoma. Diary of Clinical Oncology, 29(15_suppl), pp.8583-8583. Fitzpatrick, C., 2017, June. Online Classroom Project: Writing Digital Profile Summaries. In EdMedia: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology (pp. 778-782). Relationship for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Spiller, W., Davies, N.M., and Palmer, T.M., 2017. Programming Application Profile: vigorous a device for performing two-example rundown Mendelian randomization investigations. bioRxiv, p.142125.

Passion VS Money What To Choose In Your Career

Passion VS Money What To Choose In Your Career Choosing between career growth and money earning is an ancient dilemma that still troubles the minds of employees all over the globe.The stakes are high as only a handful of lucky professionals immediately manage to find a job that fulfills both requirements.According to the report, less than half of employees in the US feel satisfied with their jobs, while only 20% of them feel very passionate about it.This stat might as well show that most people still prefer substantial compensations over career opportunities, but there are other studies to consider here, too.For instance, experts say that happiness  does  increase with wealth, but the correlation peaks at earning $75 thousand per year.The threshold for life satisfaction varies around the world, from $35 thousand in the Caribbean to $125 thousand in New Zealand. After that, people face the point of no return where more money does not contribute to the overall feeling of self-esteem, confidence, or happiness.There is obviously no s ecret formula that can tell you how to behave and what type of job to pursue. What we can do, however, is to analyze each aspect of the topic.We will try to come up with enough inputs to help you with the decision, so keep reading to learn how to choose between a well-paid job and career growth.PROS AND CONS OF TARGETING A HIGH SALARYFirst of all, we need to explain what it means to build a career gradually and what is money making.When we are talking about career growth, we are discussing individuals who are ready to earn less in order to invest in their skill development and network, which in turn helps them to earn much more later on.On the other side, money making is all about earning more here and now, while skills development and networking come second.But if you want to see the big picture, you need to understand each one of these career paths separately.The first thing in this process is to figure out the pros and cons of earning a lot of money, so let’s open the discussio n with the benefits of targeting a high salary:Money: The biggest benefit is quite obvious â€" you get to earn a lot of money straight away. You can shop everything you need (and even more than that), buy a house, and pay for all other things you might consider relevant at a given moment.Safety: Needless to say, professionals who instantly earn a substantial amount of money feel much safer than their (financially) less successful peers. You don’t have to worry about market crashes, sudden changes in company management, or any other short-term issue for that matter.Respect: Although this benefit seems a little artificial, the fact remains that people tend to respect well-off individuals, particularly if they are both young and wealthy. It can make you proud and socially satisfied, which is never a bad thing.Save for a rainy day: The money you are able to accumulate guarantees peace of mind. No matter what happens with your job, you can move on smoothly. After all, once you’ve mad e enough money, perhaps you could even start doing something completely different.You’ve seen the advantages of money earning, but the story has its downsides as well. Let’s take a look:Underdevelopment: If you immediately start chasing the big money, you won’t be able to develop those much-needed skills that guarantee long-term success.Lack of professional connections: Being stuck at one job for a long time eliminates diversity from your professional life. There will be no network of colleagues and professional acquaintances to support you later on throughout career.Working hours: A well-paid job does not come for free. On the contrary, you probably have to earn your money by investing some extra hours in your work. This usually causes time management issues, which is something you will have to deal with.Competition: Individuals with highly profitable entry positions must be prepared to keep fighting for their titles. The competition in the business universe is severe, partic ularly if your current salary goes way above the industry average.Pressure: Do you often feel pressure at work? Are you constantly chasing goals and targets? Welcome to the world of big money! If you want to become Mr. Big immediately, get ready for the never-ending influx of pressure and tension.Health issues: With so much activity and pressure in your business life, it’s not surprising to see a lot of successful professionals dealing with health issues. It begins with minor problems such as sleep disorders, but it might end up much worse if you can’t find a way out of the magic circle.PROS AND CONS OF DOING WHAT YOU LOVEThe coin always has two sides, so it’s time to flip it and analyze the pros and cons of doing the job you love.As always, we start with the list of advantages:Career growth: Of course, the first benefit is very tangible â€" you become better and smarter every day, slowly building a stairway to a much more attractive job.Networking: Unlike instant money earnin g, career building is all about making friends and forming a wide network of professional connections. In such circumstances, finding a new and more profitable job in the future becomes much simpler.Learning: As a passionate employee, you are glad to keep learning and improving your skills. You don’t satisfy for the average, but rather try to master every single aspect of your job. It will make you a genuine industry expert.Confidence: As you keep working and improving, you will be boosting self-confidence. It always feels good when you are aware of your skills and know that you can successfully compete or collaborate with other professionals in your niche.Health: If money making is causing headaches, the job you love is doing exactly the opposite. You don’t feel pressure and don’t hate going to work early in the morning, which is the basic precondition for staying healthy in the long run.Pleasure: There is nothing better than finding your ideal working environment. If you rea lly like what you are doing, you are willing to give your best and achieve the highest level of personal productivity.Now let’s take a look at the disadvantages of choosing professional growth over money.Earn less: Passionate workers aren’t always able to make a lot of money. You might be struggling to make ends meet in the beginning, which is a huge disadvantage. While this is a just a temporary disadvantage, it can be very awkward for individuals who are constantly in need for more money.Hard to relax: Career building is an exciting process, but it doesn’t give you time to rest or relax. You always have to brainstorm, follow the latest industry trends, talk to people, and do all it takes to craft your professional path properly.Fail to meet expectations: When you are young, you have a bag full of hopes and dreams. However, the truth is that most of our dreams fail to materialize. You might discover that your colleagues don’t share the same values or that the company is com pletely profit-oriented. This might stop you from learning because they expect you to do one thing only.Your passion disappears: If you realize that your job is not the role you were hoping for, your passion to work and contribute could disappear easily. In such circumstances, it is always better to visit the Resumes Planet and find a few extra options just in case you want to try new things in a career.CAREER GROWTH OR MONEY MAKING: 10 THINGS TO CONSIDER BEFORE MAKING A DECISIONYou’ve seen the lists of pros and cons, but it’s probably not enough to help you make a final decision. Choosing a fancy job title over paycheck or vice versa is almost impossible if you don’t take more elements into the calculation.This is why we prepared for you a list of 10 things you need to consider before taking any further steps. Without further ado, let’s see our top recommendations:1. Determine prioritiesYou can take two different paths, so which one will it be? It’s much easier to make a decision if you carefully determine priorities.Some people are in a desperate need for money, so their choice is obvious.On the other side, a salary may not be your primary motive for the time being. In this case, you should probably test a few jobs that could really keep you going.If you can distinguish between priorities this way, the right answer will come to you quickly.2. MotivationMotivation is yet another detail to be considered here. Some people can’t work if they are not motivated and don’t share the organizational values, beliefs, and vision.However, others recognize money making as the only motive in their professional lives.Think about it for a while and ask yourself a simple question: What motivates me to get up in the morning and work hard?Just be honest and you will be able to solve the mystery.3. LocationThe first two indicators are pretty much subjective and irrational, but this one is all about logic and strategic planning. Your salary and financial demands cha nge drastically from region to region.According to the 2019 Cost of Living Calculator, New York City is 171.5% more expensive than Cleveland.What does it tell you? Well, it means that you can afford to chase an ideal career opportunity in Cleveland, while New York City forces you to earn more money.It’s a tangible distinction that you have to consider while brainstorming about your career.4. Age groupIn general, it’s much easier to test different things and gain new skills when you are young.As a student or a fresh college graduate, you can volunteer or join many internship programs to learn how different industries, companies, and organizations function.This should give you enough inputs to make the final decision effortlessly.However, people who are past their prime should definitely put salary atop of their priorities because there is no time to waste anymore.After all, it is more important to secure a decent living for your family than to chase rainbows.5. Do you have childr en?Speaking of families, you must also think about your kids. How old are they? How much do you plan to invest in their education and training?Can you afford to travel with your family? All these questions are very important because you probably want to provide kids with quality life experiences.But if you are single and don’t plan to raise children, you are pretty much free to do anything you like.6. UnemploymentDreaming big is okay, but only if you can afford it. We all probably know that one person who is unemployed for months already, but still seems to live perfectly fine.However, it’s not something you want to brag about. Unless you have some hidden source of funding, we strongly recommend you to take any job and start earning money immediately.You can always quit when you find a better position that allows you to network and gain practical skills, but you do have to make a living before something extraordinary pops up.7. Friends and familyWe mentioned the “friends and f amily” factor several times already, but we have to discuss it one more time.These are the people who are closest to you, so don’t be afraid of asking for their opinions. You might as well be too biased to think through it clearly, while your friends or relatives can take the necessary distance before answering your questions.They will be honest and probably point out the ups and downs of pursuing each one of the two options.8. Consider long-term goalsIf none of the previous suggestions works for you, then you could think about the long-term goals. How do you see yourself in 10 or 15 years?Earning big in the first few years is okay, but only if you don’t need money in the long-term perspective.However, it’s hard to imagine someone who doesn’t require a substantial budget, which is why career growth sounds like a more reasonable solution to most people.9. Do you know what you want?This is a common mistake among young professionals: they don’t know what they want, but they hate the idea of working for money exclusively. Although it sounds like a huge dilemma, it really doesn’t have to be.Namely, it’s always better to do something and earn money straight away than to avoid responsibility until you finally figure out the priorities.You can use this period of life to save some money aside and then start looking for a new job that will give you enough opportunities to grow and develop.10. Trust your instinctsThe last tip on our list may seem a little vague, but it’s often the best one. If you are unable to solve the mystery and decide what to do, you should trust your instincts.Sometimes you won’t be able to give a logical answer to all those career issues, but your sixth sense will tell you what to do. Make sure to follow it and you probably won’t be mistaken.CONCLUSIONChoose a  job you love, and you will  never  have to work  a  day in your life. It’s an old saying you’ve probably heard a thousand times before, but is it really the truth? Is job satisfaction enough to compensate you for a lower starting salary?The answer to this question depends on so many variables, but we tried to give you a hand by discussing all aspects of the story.After everything we’ve said here, the only reasonable conclusion is that each person has to make a decision alone.There is no secret formula that can solve this equation, so you have to think about the things that make you happy and fulfilled. Be honest with yourself and you will learn how to make a balance between career growth and financial compensations. About the author Mark Delarika is a professional content writer and teacher, successful entrepreneur and blogger. He is familiar with a wide range of spheres concerning running own business and education. Mark taught in more than 10 countries all over the world. He helps students and business people to improve their writing skills, shares his personal experience and gives practical tips.

Network Opimisation Problems And Forecasting - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2470 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? The Makonsel Company, a fully integrated company that both produces and sells goods at its retail outlets. After production, the goods are stored in companys two warehouses until needed by the retail outlets. Trucks are used to transport the goods from the two plants to the warehouses, and then from the warehouses to the three retail outlets. Using units of full truckloads, the following table shows each plants monthly output, its shipping cost per truckload sent to each warehouse, and the maximum amount that it can ship per month to each warehouse. Unit Shipping Cost For each retail outlet (RO), the next table shows its monthly demand, its shipping cost per truckload from each warehouse, and the maximum amount that can be shipped per month from each warehouse. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Network Opimisation Problems And Forecasting" essay for you Create order Unit Shipping Cost The Managements objective is to determine the shipping plan (number of truckloads shipped per month from each plant to each warehouse and from each warehouse to each retail outlet) that will minimise the total shipping cost. In order to achieve the objective, the following issues will be discussed : The distribution network of Makonsel Company, algebraic formulation for the network model, spreadsheet formulation for this problem by using the solver of excel and interpretation and recommendation of the result. The distribution network A network model for the Makonsel Company problem as a minimum-cost flow problem According to the data from the table above we put it into a distribution network. The supply nodes in this network are P1 (plant1) and P2 (plant2), the transshipment nodes are W1 (warehouse1) and W2 (warehouse2) and the demand nodes in this network are RO1, RO2 and RO3. And the shipping cost and the shipping capacity differ considerably among these shipping lanes. The cost per unit shipped and the maximum amount that it can ship per month (given in square brackets of the arc) through each lane is shown above corresponding arrow in the above Figure. Algebraic Formulation Solution: Decision variables Makonsel must determine how much to ship per month from each plant to each warehouse and from each warehouse to each retail outlet. Let Xij = Number of truckloads to ship from i to j (i = P1, P2; j = W1, W2). Let Xjk =Number of truckloads to ship from j to k (j =W1, W2 k=RO1, RO2, RO3). Then Makonsels problem may be formulated as Objective: Subject to: The first five constraints ensure that each retail outlet is meet their monthly demand, and the 2 Sources constraints are ensure that each plants monthly output and the last 10 ensure the maximum amount that can be shipped per month. Spreadsheet Formulation After we finished the algebraic formulation, we can transform them to spreadsheet, and using the solver of Excel to work out the distribution problem. The spreadsheet formulations are all showed in the graph below. A spreadsheet model for the Makonsel Company minimum-cost flow problem, where the changing cells (C4:C13) show the optimal solution obtained by the Solver and the target cell (E15) gives the resulting total cost of the flow through the network. Interpretation and Recommendation The optimal solution for the Makonsel Company problem, where the shipping amounts are shown in parentheses over the arrows By using excel we can calculate the minimum total shipping cost of Makonsel Company is  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¡488.125. In order to make the minimum total monthly shipping cost of  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¡488.125, the Makonsel Company should first transport 125 truckloads per month from plant 1to warehouse 1 and 75 units to warehouse 2. And ship 175 truckloads per month from plant 2 to warehouse 1, ship 125 truckloads per month to warehouse2. After that the retail outlet1, retail outlet 2 and retail outlet 3 should get 100 truckloads, 50 truckloads and 100 truckloads from warehouse 1 respectively. And should separately transport 50 truckloads, 150 truckloads and 50 truckloads from warehouse 2 to retail outlet1, retail outlet 2 and retail outlet 3. As we have known the shipping cost per truckload from each plant and each warehouse from the table. Thus the Minimum Cost= 425*125+560*75+510*125+600*175+470*100+505*50 +490*100+390*50+410*150+440*50 =488,125 Conclusion Determined the shipping plan which can minimise the total shipping cost is the management objective of Makonsel Company. By building the distribution network , formulating the constraints and calculating the result through using the solver of excel , Makonsel Company successfully solve the distribution network problem and construct the shipping plan with the minimum total shipping cost of  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¡488.125. Forecasting Introduction The time-series below relates to the Sales of a company (00s) for the last five years. The objective is to use the information contained in the time-series data above to construct a forecast of the next four quarters sales. In order to achieve the objective, the following issues will be discussed: Analysis this time-series, Detrend a Time-Series and construct the Seasonal Indices by MINITAB, Forecasting the next four quarters sales and use measures to identify the forecast accuracy, Reservations about the appropriateness of the forecasting procedure used. Time-series Analysis Main characteristics of this time-series The first step in any forecasting exercise is to plot a graph of the time-series. We transfer the data from the table to Minitab and use the time series plot-simple of Minitab to make the graph, since the time-series was recorded in quarter, so we choose the quarter of calendar in time scale. The plot of this time-series looks like: Form the graph above We can roughly find out that there is a decreasing trend over time, a clear quarterly seasonal effect and it is a table time series, the pattern is regular with little random noise. With the purpose of confirming the characteristics of the time-series, we use the cantered moving averages (CMA). Since the CMA is the average and smoothed data of the actual figures, which is much easier for us to determine the characteristics of the time-series, we use this plot instead. As the time-series was recorded in quarters and with quarterly seasonal effect so the length of moving average is 4, and chose the moving averages, plot the g raph smoothed vs. actual. Negative Trend Structure, an decreasing trend over time It is a negative trend structure. Look at the smoothed line of this time-series, as at the beginning of the time-series the sales of this company is about 485 ,however , it keeps decreasing and from about 485 down to around 478 to roughly 471 and finally it decrease to around 405. A clear seasonal structure , additive seasonal structure It can be seen from the graph above that there is a clear quarterly seasonal structure, for each quarter 1 the actual observed value is about 13 units below the trend value. For quarters 2, 3 4 estimating from the graph the actual observed values are 30 above, 22 above and 23 below the estimated trend values. Seasonal Structures: Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 -13 30 22 -23 These are estimates of the seasonal indices; and also in this case, for a given variable the quarter 1 is 13 units below trend, quarter 2, 3 are 30 units and 22 units above trend, quarter 4 is 23 units below trend. And it can be seen from the graph above, seasonal deviation is constant about the trend so this seasonal structure is additive. A table time series, the pattern is regular with little random noise The graph of Moving average plot for sales above shows us that the pattern is regular with little random noise, it decreasing stability of the seasonal pattern, and also from the smoothed line we can find that the series reduce stability, from about 485 down to around 478 to roughly 471, ect. No more than 10units lower. Model the time-series QUADRATIC TREND MODELS There are two trend models ,one is linear trend model (Trend = a + b*t ) and the other is Quadratic trend model (Trend = a + b*t + ct2 ), and as we have been calculated the Cantered Moving Average (CMA)above, which is the average and smoothed line of the actual sales, so by using the CMA, we can use value of these two models to compare with the value of CMA, and then choose the model which the value is much closer to the CMA as our forecasting model. There are three commonly used measures of forecast accuracy: Mean Square Deviation (MSD), Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). And the smaller the data is, the more accurate of the forecast. And it can be seen from the graph above that the Quadratic Trend Model, MAPE=0.43297, MAD=1.91172, MSD = 5.44313, and to the Linear Trend Model, MAPE=0.51281, MAD=2.21232, MSD = 7.74838. The data of the Quadratic Trend Model are all smaller than the Linear Trend Model, which means that the value of quadratic t rend model is much closer than value of the CMA; the quadratic trend model is much more accurate than the linear trend model, so choose the quadratic trend model to forecast. Detrend a Time-Series and construct SI of MINITAB Detrend a Time-Series Detrend a Time-Series, which means Sales-Trend (DIV), the gap between the actual sales and the forecast sales. After we have decided to take the quadratic model to forecast, we can record the data as the trend data, and the plot the graph above to compare with the sales and trend. And use the actual sales data minus the forecast one we can Detrend a Time-Series. As the graph shows us above the DIV1=472-500.367=-28.3673, DIV2=516-493.333=22.6674, DIV3=507-486.459=20.5414, DIV4=462-479.745=-17.7454, etc. By using the Minitab, we can use the calculator to figure the result. Construct the Seasonal Indices by MINITAB As Seasonal Indices is the quarter average of DIV, after we have calculated the DIV, we can use MINITAB to construct the seasonal indices. And in the MINITAB, we use the decomposition to figure out the SI. As we have described before that the sales trend of this company is additive and seasonal and the data were recorded in quarter, so the seasonal indices is four quarters as a unit, the seasonal length is 4 and the model type is additive. And Seasonal Indices is the average of each quarter of DIV, so the seasonal indices can be calculated as below: Quarter1=SI1= (DIV1+DIV5+DIV9+DIV13+DIV17)/5= -24.0937 Quarter2=SI2= (DIV2+DIV6+DIV10+DIV14+DIV18)/5=20.4062 Quarter3=SI3= (DIV3+DIV7+DIV11+DIV15+DIV19)/5=17.2812 Quarter4=SI4= (DIV4+DIV8+DIV12+DIV16+DIV20)/5=-13.5937 Since seasonal indices is the average of each quarter of DIV so SI is quarterly cycle, the value of SI5 will equal to the value of SI1, SI6=SI2, etc. And also it can be seen from graph above that the S I is quarterly cycle. Forecasting and measures of forecast accuracy Future Forecast As the Future Forecast equal Future Trend plus Future Seasonal Indices, so first we should use the CMA to calculate the future trend of the next four quarters. Since the CMA is the average and the smoothed data of the actual data, using the data of CMA can let forecast more accuracy. And the time-series is seasonal structure of quarter, so the number of forecast is 4. And we use trend analysis to calculate the future trend. After we figure out the future trend, copy the first four Seasonal Indices (SI is quarterly cycle) which we have calculated before (-24.0937, 20.4062, 17.2812, -13.5937), as Future Seasonal Indices. And then use the FTrend and FSI to figure out the Future Forecast value (FFC=FTrend+FSI). After figure out the FFC, copy them after the FC to plot a forecast. The plot of time series of sales and forecast looks like: So the next four quarters; Q1, Q2, Q3 Q4 of 2009 are: Q1=366.116, Q2=406.796, Q3=400.011, Q4=365.637 Measures of forecast accuracy After we calculate the forecasts for the next four quarters, we need to know whether the forecast is accurate or not, so we use the three commonly used measures of forecast accuracy: MSD, MPE and MAD to check the forecasts. i. Mean Square Deviation: MSD = S (Xt Ft)2/n ii. Mean Absolute Deviation: MAD = S |Xt Ft| /n iii. Mean Percentage Error: MPE = S |(Xt Ft)/Xt| /n Since all of measures above need the value of Xt Ft (error), so we should calculate the error first. Error = Sales-FC, in the Minitab we use calculator to figure it out. After calculated the error, we can figure out the value of accuracy. MSD = S (Xt Ft)2/n MAD = S |Xt Ft| /n MPE = S |(Xt Ft)/Xt| /n And for this forecast the MSD=29.3526, MAD=4.69560, MPE=1.08963. As we all know for each forecast indicator, the lower value, the higher prediction accuracy. And usually we use the MPE to confirm the accuracy. Lets look at the MPE, the value of MPE is equal to 1.08963%, though the value of M PE is slightly higher than 1%, it close to 1%, the forecast is still accuracy. Reservation In this forecasting procedure we faced two choices, one is determined the seasonal structure of the time-series, determining whether the seasonal structure is additive or multiplicative. And the other one is to confirm the trend model, choosing the linear model or the quadratic model. The choice we make will affect the accuracy of forecasting. Additive or Multiplicative In this forecasting, we analysis the time-series as additive seasonal structure by using method below ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡ Seasonal Structures: Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 -13 30 22 -23 In this case ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢for a given variable the quarter 1 is 13 units below trend, quarter 2 is 30 units above trend, etc. This is an Additive Seasonal Index. Alternatively we could have expressed the index as follows: Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 -13% 30% 22% -23% Here the quarter 1 data is 13% below the trend value, or more conventionally 87% of trend, similarly for the other quarters. It is conventional to express this Seasonal Index as: Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 87% 130% 122% 77% This is called a Multiplicative Seasonal Index and if the seasonal deviation is proportional to the trend then the seasonal structure is multiplicative. In this case we preferred the additive seasonal structure as the time-series constant about the trend, but in fact it could proportional to the trend and become the multiplicative seasonal structure in the future, so we should make appropriate adjustments base on the future data. Linear or Quadratic model In this case, we modeled the time-series as quadratic model due to the data the company provided closer to the quadratic model now, however, with the future data the model may be transformed into the linear model. Conclusion The objective of the company is to use time-series data to construct a forecast of the next four quarters sales. So as to do the forecast first we analysed the time-series to determine main characteristics of this time-series and modeled it, then found out the difference between the sales and trend to construct the seasonal indices, after that did the forecasting and to identify whether the forecast accurate or not by using the MAD, MSD and MPE. And the next four quarters sales of this company are Q1=366.116, Q2=406.796, Q3=400.011, Q4=365.637. However, during the forecasting procedure we should also consider about the choice we have made whether to choose additive or multiplicative, the linear model or the quadratic model will affect the accuracy of forecasting.

The Doctrine Of Reincarnation And The Theological Sense

Although it is impossible to know exactly when the doctrine of reincarnation originated at least, reincarnation in the theological sense, despite this there are notable figures who discuss metemphysochsis in their work, such as Plato who adopted the doctrine as an acceptable answer to existence. Under the doctrines of Metempsychosis, according to Plato, an individual s soul is able to choose their fate at rebirth, a sort of crude example of reincarnation prior to Hinduism. In simplistic terms, reincarnation in the buddhist religion can be explained as returning in the flesh until one s imperfections are wholly removed. The term reincarnation has much more spiritual connotations than that of rebirth. In the Buddhist doctrine of reincarnation, one s entity does outlive the body, however, an individual s personality is not sustained through death. An individual s soul continues on and adopts new characteristics as well as body, although experiences in the past life may influence the new personality (Hall, 1967). There is a few rare exception of individual s recalling their past lives, in a Buddhist s view, these individuals suffer from abrupt deaths, thus the entity will create a new personality without creating a new emotional and mental nature. Unlike Buddhism, the Hindu belief states that the soul survives and the subsequent lives and experiences will be determined by a karmic system, this is called Samsara. (Albecht, 1982, p. 29) Past Life Experiences It hasShow MoreRelatedNo Self, The Argument For And Against The Existence Of A Soul1323 Words   |  6 PagesNo self, the argument for and against the existence of a soul The sense of awareness is one that many take for granted, assuming only that what separates one from other individuals. 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Analysis of My Last Duchess and Ulyssis Free Essays

â€Å"My Last Duchess† is a vivid and striking monologue written in 1842. This poem represents the first part of the joint pieces called â€Å"Italy and France†. The poem consists of twenty eight rhyming couplets that are, in my mind, dominated by iambic pentameter. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of My Last Duchess and Ulyssis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Robert Browning main tool to use in the poem is breaking the lines for regular and irregular pauses. This tool makes the poem very easy and enjoyable to read, and creates easy conversational flow. The poem begins with the line â€Å"Ferrara†. The readers finds himself in a house of a very wealthy duke with a lengthy title and immense power. At the beginning of the poem we are shown that the duke represents the amazing specially made collection of art he possesses. We hear the voice of the main character when he and his guest stop next to the painting with the duke’s last wife. The narrator starts to describe the painting, though rapidly moving to the describing of the duchess herself. From his monolog it becomes obvious that the narrator considered his late wife to be also one of his possessions that were commissioned for him according to his will. From the very beginning of the poem the narrator is clear to be portrayed as a person depleted of morality and honesty. The poem shows corruption and wickedness of the speaker’s character with this presenting similar traits of the society of that time. The people then wanted to possess everything can be naturally possessed or not. In his poem â€Å"Ulysses† Tennyson transports us to the Victorian times. The poem structure is also a dramatic monologue. Throughout the poem Tennyson uses enjambment in order to reproduce the meaning and content of the poem which is that of sailing beyond death. Tennyson’s poem is deep and resonant, he uses high-sounding verse, particularly by setting different vowel sounds closely against each other. In the poem â€Å"Ulysses† the main character is a hero, a warrior and a famous Ancient Greek traveler. He refuses to sit behind and unwind. His whole life is concerned with traveling, taking on adventures, competing and battling, he simply rejects that a man can be an â€Å"idle king† (Davis). Both of the poems, ‘My Last Duchess’ by Robert Browning and ‘Ulysses’ by Alfred Lord Tennyson, are examples of dramatic monologues. As it was already mentioned above they both exclusively consist of the monologs of the protagonists. In both poems there are powerful noble men ruminating about past, though they are very different. What is also different are the poetic devices used in the poems to present these two main characters. The first difference between the main characters is the way they came into power and how they exercise it. The rich Italian duke has acquired all his riches from the â€Å"nine-hundred-years-old-name†. He was born with lengthy titles, in the family with already established name. In his life he never had to do anything to achieve some position. His whole life he went with the flow, expecting others to admire him and his name and follow his orders. On the contrary, Ulysses has earned his status of a hero after battling in Troy, where he showed his nobility and courage. He is respected by people not because his name tells enough for him and leads to common obedient admiring. They respect him because he is a warrior fighting for Greece. At it can be seen from the previous paragraph the characters of the duke and Ulysses are very different. Even though they both get killed at the end of the poems, the reads see that the ways they took death also says a lot about who they are. Wee see that Ulysses is killed as a hero, while the Duke of Ferrara’s killing is very far from being heroic. What is interesting is that the way the duke was killed was not even personal. Even for his death he gave out orders and expected the job to be done for him. How to cite Analysis of My Last Duchess and Ulyssis, Essay examples

The Representation Of Women In Fifteenth Century free essay sample

P Essay, Research Paper The Representation of Women in Fifteenth Century Italian Portraiture The Italian Renaissance was a clip of metempsychosis, a burgeoning ofinterest in the classical humanistic disciplines and scientific disciplines. Portrayal as a genrewas on the addition, fuelled by a turning self-contemplation throughwhich adult male was going aware of the innate features that madehim an person. Burckhardt, in _The Civilisation of RenaissanceItaly_ , devotes a chapter to following the representation ofindividual personalities in Renaissance literature. On reading hispremise that, # 8216 ; the development of personality is essentiallyinvolved in the acknowledgment of it in oneself and in others. # 8217 ; ( Burckhardt,1878 ) , it can be seen that this statement is of primeimportance when discoursing portrayal of the same period. Oncecapturing a personality and non merely a similitude became desirable, achange started in the manner portrayal was seen. It takes clip before the desire to portray charac ter overcomesthe convention of picturing adult females in a profile format, like AlessoBaldovinetto # 8217 ; s _Portrait of a Lady in Yellow_ of c. We will write a custom essay sample on The Representation Of Women In Fifteenth Century or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1465. Profileportraits were an recognized pattern that continued to be popularduring the full 15th century. The 15th century was usedto seeing profile portrayals in the donor pictures of theirchurches, a format that no uncertainty helped to separate givers fromreligious figures, as can be seen in Masaccio # 8217 ; s _The Trinity withthe Virgin and St. John_ . Although there was no forbidden oncontemporary figures sharing the same infinite as spiritual figures, there were obvious differentiations made between, normally in footings ofscale and costume. This leads us to a possible ground why theprofile portrayal remained in usage in Italy when the remainder of Europewas already more normally using a three-quarter face format forportraits. It is possible that during the early portion of thefifteenth century there was a contamination of profanity around theportrayal of secular figures in a mode normally reserved forreligious figures. The profile portrayal besides retained its popularity in Italy due to the influence of Roman coins. Portrait decorations, basedon Roman mintage, were produced in 15th century Italy and weremade for presentation and for memorialization. In the Baldovinettoportrait we can see the farness and self-respect that such a formatbestows on the portraiture of the Sitter. Her silhoutte becomes afluid line, defined against the level background, and along with herdistant regard, promotes her farness from the spectator. The dignitythat is acquired comes at the disbursal of individualism. The adult female inthis portrayal becomes every bit symbolic as the motive of thenar leaves onher sleeve. In male portrayal this decrease of the humanphysiognomy to emblem reinforces the portraiture of position. In GentileBellini # 8217 ; s picture of Doge Giovanni Mocenigo, what remains is theimpression of a powerful adult male, the maintainer of an of import officecloaked in the attire of his rank. However, in the _Portrait of a Ladyin Yellow_ , the Sitter # 821 7 ; s position is generic, conforming tocontemporary conventions of beauty applicable to all women.Boccaccio, a 14th century poet, describes in the _Tesidea_ theappearance of a beautiful adult female, utilizing conventions that were toremain in topographic point throughout the 15th century ; # 8216 ; I say that her braids seemed as gold # 8230 ; and combed so that non a individual knot was in them, and they fell on the support of her reflecting white shoulders # 8230 ; Her forehead was ample and broad, and white and degree and really delicate, beneath which in a distortion arch ending about in a half circle were two superciliums # 8230 ; Beneath these were two reflecting eyes # 8230 ; They were serious and long and good seated, and brown as others neer were # 8217 ; ( Boccaccio, _Tesidea_ , quoted by Dempsey ) Sing this quotation mark, can we be certain that Baldovinetti # 8217 ; s sitterhad hair every bit aureate as her frock, that her eyes were the shade ofbrown we see in t he image, whether so her eyes were brown atall? To what extent did modern-day ideals of beauty becomeoverlaid onto the similitudes of adult females? It is impossible to state, butthe manner this unknown Sitter corresponds to Fifteenth Century idealsof beauty must give cause to doubt the truth of herrepresentation. With no flicker of her single character, and withdoubts at the veracity of her portraiture, she is left deaf-and-dumb person, a symbolof the wealth and good character of the household whose emblem shedisplays so dominantly on her arm. By the terminal of the 15th century, the portraiture of adult females in portrayal was going markedly different. The profile conventionwas bit by bit overcome by three-quarter six electronic warfares, falling into linewith the manner work forces had more normally been represented from the middlehalf of the century. In _Portrait of a Girl_ , a picture from theworkshop of Domenico Ghirlandaio the format gives the Sitter morepresence, and the creative person more range for researching facialcharacteristics. She does, nevertheless, still conform to the ideals ofbeauty and demeanor of her age. Her inactive airs and averted gazecause her to be an object to be gazed on merely every bit much as the figurein Baldovinetti’s _Portrait of a Lady in Yellow_ . The alteration comeswith Leonardo Da Vinci, and can be seen in his _The Lady with theErmine_ , a portrayal of Cecilia Gallerani, kept woman of LudovicoSforza. With her caput and organic structure turned at different angles, aposition that is impossible to keep for any length of clip, the posebecomes mobile. The spectator is cognizant of the formidable possibility ofher gaze going to run into their ain. This flu id pose gives anincreased sense of activity that had antecedently been omitted fromfemale portrayal. Da Vinci believed that a portrayal should show’the gestures of the head, ’ ( Da Vinci ; quoted by Henessy, p101 ) andwe can see this in the elusive word picture of her face whichgives her an watchfulness akin to that of the ermine she holds. Atfirst glimpse it would look that this image of Cecilia Gallerani hasa greater liberty than that of the adult females we have antecedently lookedat. She surely has a greater presence, but Da Vinci remains intight control of the portraiture, and the sum of individualisationhe gives to the picture is in order to convey his position of hissitter. The Sitter is non in control of the manner she is represented, and Da Vinci has used his ain opinion to shown us a ‘beautifulweasel’ ( Calder, 1970 p111 ) . Cecilia Gallerani must hold been awareof this, and the ground she disliked the picture. The artist hasbecome a observer on human character, and the facets that heemphasises are non pleasant. Cecilia’s similitude has been used as avehicle for the show of Da Vinci’s insight into the mind, toshow the grade of perceptual experience that a picture could accomplish. In thesame manner, subsequently creative persons like Titian would utilize the similitude ofbeautiful adult females as a vehicle to demo the beauty of the art ofpainting ( see Cropper, 1986 p175-190 ) . The feeling left after analyzing female portrayal of thefifteenth century, is one of Sitters with small or no control overthe manner they are represented. Their inactive airss become a base overwhich male impressions of reputability and beauty can be laid. At firsta motive for the wealth and good standing of household, her image islater subsumed into a wider discourse on the nature of paintingitself. It is non until the 16th century, with female artistslike Anguissola Sofonisba, that adult females begin to come in this discourse, and in so making, specify their ain criterions in the genre of femaleportraiture. List of Paintings Baldovinetti, Alesso, _Portrait of a Lady in Yellow_ , c.1465.Wood, painted surface 62.9 x 40.6 cm.London: National Gallery Masachio, _The Trinity with the Virgin and St. John_ , 1425FrescoFlorence: S. Maria Novella Bellini, Gentile, _Doge Giovanni Mocenigo_ , c.1478.Panel, 63 ten 47 cm.Venice: Museo Correr Workshop of Domenico Ghirlandaio, _Portrait of a Girl_ , 1490Wood, 44.1 ten 29.2 cm London: National Gallery Da Vinci, Leonardo_The Lady with the Ermine_ c.148355 x 44.4 centimeter Bibliography Burckhardt, J. ( 1878 ) , _The Civilization of the Renaissance inItaly_ , translated by S. G. C. Middlemore, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook.html Calder, R. ( 1970 ) , _Leonardo and the Age of the Eye_ , London and Melbourn: Richard Heinemann Ltd Chadwick, W. ( 1992 ) , _Women, Art and Society_ , London: Thames and Hudson Cropper, E. ( 1987 ) ‘The Beauty of Wom en: Problems in the Rhetoric ofRenaissance Portraiture, ’ in M. Ferguson, M. Quilligan and N.Vickers, eds. _Rewriting the Renascence: The Discourses of Sexual Differencein Early Modern Europe_ , Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press Dempsey, C. ( 1992 ) _The Portrayal of Love: Botticelli’s Primaveraand Humanist Culture at the clip of Lorenzo de’ Medici_Princeton: Princeton University Press Dunkerton, J. Foister, S. Gordon, D. and Penny, N. ( 1991 ) , _Giotto to Durer: Early Renaissance Painting in the NationalGallery_ , New Haven and London: Yale University Press Henessy, J. P. ( 1966 ) , _The Portrait in the Renaissance_ , Princeton: Princeton University Press Humfrey, P. ( 1995 ) , _Painting in Renaissance Venice_ , New Haven and London: Yale University Press Kelly, J. ( 1984 ) ‘Did Womans Have a Renaissance? ’ in _Women, Historyand Theory_ , Chicago: Chicago University Press 36c